LINUX BASIC COMMANDS

 LINUX BASIC COMMANDS:

1. pwd: Print the current working directory.

bash

·  pwd

·  ls: List files and directories.

bash

·  ls

Additional options:

• ls -l: Long listing format.
• ls -a: List all files, including hidden ones.
• ls -lh: Human-readable file sizes.

·  cd: Change directory.

bash

·  cd directory_name

·  mkdir: Create a new directory.

arduino

·  mkdir new_directory

·  cp: Copy files or directories.

bash

·  cp source_file destination

Additional options:

• cp -r: Copy directories recursively.
• cp -i: Prompt before overwriting.

·  mv: Move or rename files or directories.

bash

mv old_file new_location

Renaming:

bash

·  mv old_file new_file

·  rm: Remove/delete files or directories.

bash

·  rm file_name

Additional options:

• rm -r: Remove directories and their contents recursively.
• rm -f: Force removal without confirmation.

·  touch: Create an empty file or update the access/modification time of a file.

bash

·  touch file_name

·  cat: Concatenate and display the content of files.

bash

·  cat file_name

·  more and less: Display the contents of a file one screen at a time.

·  more file_name

less file_name

·  head and tail: Display the first/last few lines of a file.

bash

·  head file_name

tail file_name

·  chmod: Change file permissions.

bash

chmod permissions file_name

Example:

bash

·  chmod +x script.sh

·  chown: Change file owner and group.

sql

·  chown user:group file_name

·  ps: Display information about running processes.

·  ps aux

·  kill: Terminate a process.

bash

15.kill process_id

16.  

These are just a few basic commands. There are many more commands and options available in Linux. You can explore further by checking the manual pages using the man command. For example:

bash

man ls