Linux Basics

 Linux is a popular open-source operating system that is widely used in server environments and is the foundation for various distributions (distros) like Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, and more. Here are some basic Linux concepts and commands to get you started.

Navigating the File System:

·        pwd: Print the current working directory.

·        ls: List files and directories.

·        cd: Change directory.

·        mkdir: Create a new directory.

·        rmdir: Remove an empty directory.

·        cp: Copy files or directories.

·        mv: Move or rename files or directories.

·        rm: Remove files or directories (use with caution).

·        File Operations:

·        cat: Concatenate and display the content of files.

·        nano or vim: Text editors for creating or editing files.

·        touch: Create an empty file or update the access/modification time of a file.

·        System Information:

·        uname -a: Display system information.

·        lsb_release -a: Display Linux distribution information.

·        df -h: Display disk space usage.

·        free -m: Display available memory.

·        User Management:

·        whoami: Display the current username.

·        who: Show who is logged on.

·        useradd: Add a new user.

·        passwd: Change user password.

·        su: Switch user.

·        sudo: Execute a command with superuser privileges.

·        Process Management:

·        ps: Display information about running processes.

·        top: Display dynamic real-time information about running processes.

·        kill: Terminate a process.

·        killall: Terminate all processes by name.

·        Package Management:

·        apt (Debian/Ubuntu) or yum (CentOS/RHEL): Package management commands for installing, updating, and removing software.

·        Example: sudo apt-get update, sudo apt-get install package_name

·        Networking:

·        ifconfig or ip addr: Display network interfaces and their configurations.

·        ping: Test network connectivity.

·        nslookup or dig: Query DNS information.

·        netstat: Display network statistics.

·        iptables: Configure firewall rules.

·        File Permissions:

·        chmod: Change file permissions.

·        chown: Change file ownership.

·        chgrp: Change file group ownership.

These are just some fundamental Linux commands to help you get started. Keep in mind that Linux is highly customizable, and there are many more commands and features to explore based on your specific needs and interests. Don't hesitate to use the man command to access the manual pages for more information about each command (e.g., man ls).

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